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Four States Adopt Blueprint to Accelerate Wildlife Crossings

Colorado, Montana, Washington and Ohio passed bipartisan measures this year to streamline permitting and funding for wildlife overpasses and underpasses, creating a model that could reshape road infrastructure nationwide.

By Jordan M. Alvarez · יולי 6, 2026 · 6 min read · Last updated יולי 6, 2026
Cars drive under a modern concrete overpass on a highway.
Photo by viktor rejent on Unsplash

Key takeaways

What states have recently streamlined wildlife crossing approvals?

Four states—Colorado, Montana, Washington, and Ohio—have enacted legislation this year that simplifies permitting, reduces environmental review timelines, and provides standardized design criteria for wildlife overpasses and underpasses, creating a coordinated framework that legislators call a ‘blueprint’ for future projects nationwide.

In Colorado, Senate Bill 23‑102 creates a single‑agency wildlife‑crossing permit that consolidates input from the Department of Transportation, the Fish and Wildlife Service and local conservation groups. Montana’s House Bill 456 establishes a fast‑track review for projects that meet a data‑driven mortality threshold. Washington passed the Wildlife Crossing Act, which mandates a statewide database of roadkill hotspots and a uniform design checklist for all new highway projects. Ohio’s recent amendment to its Transportation Code adds a “wildlife corridor” clause, allowing the Ohio Department of Transportation to allocate a dedicated portion of its capital budget for crossings. Together, the measures aim to cut permitting time by roughly 30‑40 percent, according to a joint statement from the four state DOTs (source: state legislative summaries).

How does the new bipartisan blueprint aim to reduce roadkill?

The bipartisan blueprint seeks to cut vehicle‑wildlife collisions by mandating that new highways incorporate crossing structures where data show high mortality hotspots, using state‑level wildlife‑movement models to place overpasses and underpasses strategically, thereby lowering roadkill rates by up to 80 % in pilot zones.

Each state will use GIS‑based wildlife‑movement models, developed in partnership with universities and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to pinpoint where animals most frequently cross roads. The blueprint requires that any new highway segment intersecting a hotspot include a crossing structure that meets minimum width and clearance standards. Pilot projects in Colorado’s I‑70 corridor and Washington’s SR‑520 have already demonstrated reductions of 70‑80 % in deer‑vehicle collisions after installation, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 2023 roadkill analysis (source: https://www.fws.gov/roadkill). The approach also integrates real‑time monitoring cameras to assess usage and adjust designs over time.

What funding mechanisms support the crossings?

Funding for the crossings comes from a mix of federal infrastructure grants, state transportation budgets, and private‑sector conservation funds; the 2023 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act allocated $150 million specifically for wildlife‑friendly designs, while states matched up to 30 % of costs to accelerate project pipelines.

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) earmarked $150 million for “wildlife‑friendly transportation projects” under its Surface Transportation Block Grant program. Colorado and Washington have each pledged to match 25 % of that federal share, while Montana and Ohio have committed 30 % matching funds from their state road‑maintenance budgets. Additionally, the National Wildlife Federation’s Conservation Fund contributed $12 million in grant awards to support design studies and community outreach. The blended financing model is designed to reduce the financial burden on any single agency and to encourage faster construction timelines, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s briefing on IIJA allocations (source: https://www.transportation.gov/briefing-room/fact-sheet/infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-act).

What are the projected ecological and economic benefits?

Studies indicate that each dollar invested in wildlife crossings yields $2.5 in avoided vehicle repair costs and $4 in ecosystem services, while restoring habitat connectivity can boost populations of threatened species by 15‑25 %; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service cites a 70 % reduction in deer‑vehicle collisions where crossings exist.

A 2022 analysis by the National Wildlife Federation estimated that every $1 spent on crossing structures generates $2.5 in avoided vehicle repair and medical expenses, plus $4 in ecosystem services such as pollination and carbon sequestration. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s recent report documented a 70 % drop in deer‑vehicle collisions on highways with functional overpasses, translating to an estimated $45 million annual savings in emergency response costs nationwide. Moreover, genetic studies of fragmented populations of elk and bobcats in Montana show a 15‑25 % increase in gene flow after crossing installation, improving long‑term species resilience. These benefits are expected to compound as more states adopt the blueprint, creating a positive feedback loop between safety, economics and biodiversity.

How are transportation agencies implementing the guidelines?

State Departments of Transportation are integrating the blueprint by adopting a unified permitting portal, training engineers on wildlife‑movement modeling, and setting performance metrics; Washington’s DOT reports that 12 crossings are under construction, and Colorado plans to retrofit 30 existing bridges by 2027.

The four DOTs launched a shared online portal that streamlines submission of wildlife‑crossing permits, tracks review status in real time, and automatically checks designs against the standardized criteria. Engineers receive quarterly workshops hosted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on interpreting movement‑model outputs and applying best‑practice design dimensions. Performance metrics—including average permitting time, crossing usage rates, and post‑construction collision reductions—are now part of each agency’s annual performance report. Washington’s DOT has already begun construction on 12 crossings along the I‑5 corridor, with an expected completion date of 2025. Colorado’s 2024 capital plan earmarks $85 million to retrofit 30 existing overpasses and underpasses with wildlife‑friendly fencing and ledges, aiming for full operational status by 2027.

Frequently asked questions

Why are wildlife crossings considered a public safety issue?

Vehicle‑wildlife collisions cause thousands of injuries and billions of dollars in property damage each year. By providing safe crossing points, structures reduce the likelihood of sudden animal encounters, protecting drivers and passengers while also lowering emergency response costs.

Do wildlife crossings affect traffic flow or speed limits?

Crossings are designed to integrate seamlessly with existing roadways. Overpasses typically span the highway without altering lane configurations, and underpasses are built to accommodate standard vehicle heights, so they generally do not require changes to speed limits or traffic patterns.

How is the effectiveness of a crossing measured?

Effectiveness is tracked through motion‑sensor cameras, wildlife‑track surveys and collision data analysis. Agencies compare pre‑ and post‑construction roadkill statistics and monitor animal usage rates to assess whether the structure meets its safety and connectivity goals.

Can private landowners contribute to crossing projects?

Yes. Private conservation groups and landowners can provide easements, donate land for bridge approaches, or contribute funds through grant programs. Such partnerships are encouraged under the blueprint to expand crossing networks beyond public highways.

What species benefit most from these crossings?

Large mammals such as deer, elk, bears and cougars are the primary beneficiaries, but smaller species—including amphibians, reptiles and pollinators—also use underpasses and culverts designed with appropriate habitat features.

Sources

  1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service – Roadkill and Wildlife Crossings — U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
  2. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act Fact Sheet — U.S. Department of Transportation
  3. National Wildlife Federation – Economic Benefits of Wildlife Crossings — National Wildlife Federation
  4. Reuters – U.S. states push wildlife overpasses to curb roadkill — Reuters
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